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OR Operator

MySQL Tutorial

This SQL tutorial is structured for beginners to guide them from the foundational concepts to advanced data manipulation and querying techniques in SQL. By the end of this tutorial, you will have developed a robust understanding of SQL, equipping you with the knowledge to efficiently manage and analyze data across various database systems. This guide sets the stage for your growth into a skilled data professional, ready to tackle complex data challenges and contribute to the field of data analysis and database management.

OR Operator
MySQL OR Operator
MySQL does not have a built-in Boolean data type. Instead, Boolean values are represented using numeric data types, where zero is used as false and any non-zero value is used as true.
The MySQL OR operator is a logical operator that combines two or more Boolean expressions and returns 1, 0, or NULL:
A AND B
Here, A and B are operands.
The OR operator will return true (1) only if either A or B, or both, is non-zero and not Null.
If both A and B are false, the OR operator will return false (0).
If either A or B is NULL, the OR operator will return NULL.
The following table below demonstrates the possible outcomes of using the OR operator to combine true (1), false (0), and null values:
﻿
1
0
NULL
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
NULL
NULL
1
NULL
NULL
Example
The logical OR operator will return true (1) if both A and B are not NULL, and if either A or B is non-zero.
SELECT 1 OR 1, 1 OR 0, 0 OR 1;
Output
The output for the program above is produced as given below 
1 OR 1
1 OR 0
0 OR 1
1
1
1
Example
The OR operator returns false (0) if both A and B are false (0).
SELECT 0 OR 0;
Output
When we execute the above query, the output is obtained as follows 
0 OR 0
0
Example
If A is true (1) and B is NULL, the OR operator will return 1.
If A is false (0) and B is NULL, the OR operator will return NULL.
If both A and B are NULL, the OR operator will return NULL.
SELECT 1 OR NULL, 0 OR NULL, NULL or NULL;
Output
On executing the given program, the output is displayed as follows
1 OR NULL
0 OR NULL
NULL OR NULL
1
NULL
NULL
OR operator with WHERE
MySQL's logical OR operator can be used along with the WHERE clause to return the rows that meet any of the specified conditions.
When the OR operator is used, at least one of the conditions must be true for a row to be included in the result set. If none of the conditions are true, an empty set is returned.
Syntax
Following is the syntax of the OR operator with WHERE clause in MySQL 
SELECT column1, column2, ..., columnN
FROM table_name
[WHERE condition1 OR condition2 OR condition3 ...;]
Example
Firstly, let us create a table named CUSTOMERS using the following query 
CREATE TABLE CUSTOMERS (
   ID INT AUTO_INCREMENT,
   NAME VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
   AGE INT NOT NULL,
   ADDRESS CHAR (25),
   SALARY DECIMAL (18, 2),
   PRIMARY KEY (ID)
);
The following INSERT INTO statement adds 7 records into the above-created table 
INSERT INTO CUSTOMERS (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) VALUES 
(1, 'Ramesh', 32, 'Ahmedabad', 2000.00 ),
(2, 'Khilan', 25, 'Delhi', 1500.00 ),
(3, 'Kaushik', 23, 'Kota', 2000.00 ),
(4, 'Chaitali', 25, 'Mumbai', 6500.00 ),
(5, 'Hardik', 27, 'Bhopal', 8500.00 ),
(6, 'Komal', 22, 'Hyderabad', 4500.00 ),
(7, 'Muffy', 24, 'Indore', 10000.00 );
Execute the following query to retrieve all the records present in the CUSTOMERS table 
SELECT * FROM CUSTOMERS;
Following is the CUSTOMERS table 
ID
NAME
AGE
ADDRESS
SALARY
1
Ramesh
32
Ahmedabad
2000.00
2
Khilan
25
Delhi
1500.00
3
Kaushik
23
Kota
2000.00
4
Chaitali
25
Mumbai
6500.00
5
Hardik
27
Bhopal
8500.00
6
Komal
22
Hyderabad
4500.00
7
Muffy
24
Indore
10000.00
Now, we are selecting all the columns from the CUSTOMERS table where SALARY is greater than 5000 or ADDRESS = "Hyderabad".
SELECT * FROM CUSTOMERS
WHERE SALARY > 5000
OR ADDRESS = "Hyderabad";
Output
The output for the program above is produced as given below 
ID
NAME
AGE
ADDRESS
SALARY
4
Chaitali
25
Mumbai
6500.00
5
Hardik
27
Bhopal
8500.00
6
Komal
22
Hyderabad
4500.00
7
Muffy
24
Indore
10000.00
Example
The logical OR operator returns the records only if either of the conditions separated by OR is true.
In the following query, we are providing false values to both operands of the OR operator.
SELECT * FROM CUSTOMERS
WHERE NAME = "Mahesh" OR AGE = 42;
Output
As there are no records present in the CUSTOMERS table with NAME "Mahesh" or AGE is 42, it returns an empty set as an output.
Empty set (0.00 sec)
Multiple OR Operators
We can use MySQL's logical OR operator multiple times to combine multiple conditions. By using multiple OR operators, any rows that meet at least one of the conditions will be included in the result set.
Example
In the following query, we are returning all the records from the CUSTOMERS table where the NAME of the customer ends with 'k', or SALARY is greater than 5000, or AGE is less than 25.
SELECT * FROM CUSTOMERS
WHERE NAME LIKE '%k' OR SALARY > 5000 OR AGE < 25;
Output
On executing the given query, the output is displayed as follows 
ID
NAME
AGE
ADDRESS
SALARY
3
Kaushik
23
Kota
2000.00
4
Chaitali
25
Mumbai
6500.00
5
Hardik
27
Bhopal
8500.00
6
Komal
22
Hyderabad
4500.00
7
Muffy
24
Indore
10000.00
OR with UPDATE statement
The MySQL's logical OR operator can be used along with the UPDATE statement to update records of a table based on multiple conditions.
Syntax
Following is the syntax of the OR operator with the UPDATE statement in MySQL 
UPDATE table_name
SET column1 = value1, column2 = value2, ...
WHERE condition1 OR condition2 OR ...;
Example
In the following query, we are updating the SALARY of CUSTOMERS whose ADDRESS is 'Hyderabad' or whose age is greater than 26
UPDATE CUSTOMERS
SET SALARY = 15000
WHERE ADDRESS = "Hyderabad" OR AGE > 26;
Output
The output for the query above is produced as given below 
Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 3  Changed: 3  Warnings: 0
Verification
Execute the below query to verify whether the SALARY of CUSTOMERS is updated or not 
SELECT * FROM CUSTOMERS;
Output
The output for the program above is produced as given below 
ID
NAME
AGE
ADDRESS
SALARY
1
Ramesh
32
Ahmedabad
15000.00
2
Khilan
25
Delhi
1500.00
3
Kaushik
23
Kota
2000.00
4
Chaitali
25
Mumbai
6500.00
5
Hardik
27
Bhopal
15000.00
6
Komal
22
Hyderabad
15000.00
7
Muffy
24
Indore
10000.00
OR with DELETE Statement
The MySQL's logical OR operator can be used along with the DELETE statement to remove records from a table based on multiple conditions.
Syntax
Following is the syntax of OR operator with the DELETE statement in MySQL 
DELETE FROM table_name
WHERE condition1 OR condition2 OR condition3 ...
Example
In the following query, we are trying to DELETE records from the CUSTOMERS table where the age is less than 25 or the SALARY is less than or equal to 10000.
DELETE FROM CUSTOMERS
WHERE AGE < 25 OR SALARY <= 10000;
Output
Query OK, 5 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Verification
Execute the following query to verify whether the above operation is successful or not 
ID
NAME
AGE
ADDRESS
SALARY
1
Ramesh
32
Ahmedabad
2000.00
5
Hardik
27
Bhopal
8500.00
OR Operator Using a Client Program
Besides using MySQL queries to perform the OR operator, we can also use client programs like Node.js, PHP, Java, and Python to achieve the same result.
Syntax
Following are the syntaxes of this operation in various programming languages 
PHPNodeJSJavaPython
To perform the OR Operator on a MySQL table through PHP program, we need to execute SELECT statement with OR operator using the mysqli function query() as follows 
$sql = "SELECT COLUMN1, COLUMN2, ... FROM TABLE_NAME 
WHERE CONDITION1 OR CONDITION2 OR CONDITION3...";
$mysqli->query($sql);
Example
Following are the programs 
PHPNodeJSJavaPython
$dbhost = 'localhost';
$dbuser = 'root';
$dbpass = 'password';
$dbname = 'TUTORIALS';
$mysqli = new mysqli($dbhost, $dbuser, $dbpass, $dbname);
if($mysqli->connect_errno ) {
   printf("Connect failed: %s", $mysqli->connect_error);
   exit();
}
//printf('Connected successfully.');
$sql = 'SELECT  * FROM tutorials_tbl WHERE tutorial_id = 2 OR tutorial_id = 4 OR tutorial_id = 6';
$result = $mysqli->query($sql);
if ($result->num_rows > 0) {
   printf("Table records: \n");
   while($row = $result->fetch_assoc()) {
      printf("Id %d, Title: %s, Author: %s, S_date %s",   
      $row["tutorial_id"],
      $row["tutorial_title"],
      $row["tutorial_author"],
      $row["submission_date"]);
      printf("\n");         
   }
} else {
   printf('No record found.');
}
mysqli_free_result($result);
$mysqli->close();
Output
The output obtained is as follows 
Table records:
Id 2, Title: PHP Tut, Author: New Author, S_date 2023-08-12
Id 4, Title: Learn PHP, Author: John Poul, S_date 2023-07-26
Id 6, Title: Learn MySQL, Author: Mahesh, S_date 2023-07-26         
﻿
﻿
﻿
﻿
﻿
﻿

ID	NAME	AGE	ADDRESS	SALARY
1	Ramesh	32	Ahmedabad	2000.00
2	Khilan	25	Delhi	1500.00
3	Kaushik	23	Kota	2000.00
4	Chaitali	25	Mumbai	6500.00
5	Hardik	27	Bhopal	8500.00
6	Komal	22	Hyderabad	4500.00
7	Muffy	24	Indore	10000.00

ID	NAME	AGE	ADDRESS	SALARY
1	Ramesh	32	Ahmedabad	15000.00
2	Khilan	25	Delhi	1500.00
3	Kaushik	23	Kota	2000.00
4	Chaitali	25	Mumbai	6500.00
5	Hardik	27	Bhopal	15000.00
6	Komal	22	Hyderabad	15000.00
7	Muffy	24	Indore	10000.00

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OR Operator

MySQL OR Operator

Example

Output

Example

Output

Example

Output

OR operator with WHERE

Syntax

Example

Output

Example

Output

Multiple OR Operators

Example

Output

OR with UPDATE statement

Syntax

Example

Output

Verification

Output

OR with DELETE Statement

Syntax

Example

Output

Verification

OR Operator Using a Client Program

Syntax

Example

Output