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      For-else Loops

      Python Tutorial

      This Python tutorial has been written for the beginners to help them understand the basic to advanced concepts of Python Programming Language. After completing this tutorial, you will find yourself at a great level of expertise in Python, from where you can take yourself to the next levels to become a world class Software Engineer.

      For-else Loops

      Python for-else Loops

      Python supports having an "else" statement associated with a "for" loop statement. If the "else" statement is used with a "for" loop, the "else" statement is executed when the sequence is exhausted before the control shifts to the main line of execution.
      The following flow diagram illustrates how to use else statement with for loop
      

      Example

      The following example illustrates the combination of an else statement with a for statement. Till the count is less than 5, the iteration count is printed. As it becomes 5, the print statement in else block is executed, before the control is passed to the next statement in the main program.
      for count in range(6):
         print ("Iteration no. {}".format(count))
      else:
         print ("for loop over. Now in else block")
      print ("End of for loop")
      On executing, this code will produce the following output
      Iteration no. 1
      Iteration no. 2
      Iteration no. 3
      Iteration no. 4
      Iteration no. 5
      for loop over. Now in else block
      End of for loop

      Nested Loops in Python

      Python programming language allows the use of one loop inside another loop. The following section shows a few examples to illustrate the concept.

      Syntax

      for iterating_var in sequence:
         for iterating_var in sequence:
            statements(s)
            statements(s)
      The syntax for a nested while loop statement in Python programming language is as follows
      while expression:
         while expression:
            statement(s)
         statement(s)
      A final note on loop nesting is that you can put any type of loop inside any other type of loop. For example a for loop can be inside a while loop or vice versa.

      Example

      The following program uses a nested-for loop to display multiplication tables from 1-10.
      for i in range(1,11):
         for j in range(1,11):
            k=i*j
            print ("{:3d}".format(k), end=' ')
         print()
      The print() function inner loop has end=' ' which appends a space instead of default newline. Hence, the numbers will appear in one row.
      The last print() will be executed at the end of inner for loop.
      When the above code is executed, it produces the following output
        1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9  10 
        2   4   6   8  10  12  14  16  18  20 
        3   6   9  12  15  18  21  24  27  30 
        4   8  12  16  20  24  28  32  36  40 
        5  10  15  20  25  30  35  40  45  50 
        6  12  18  24  30  36  42  48  54  60 
        7  14  21  28  35  42  49  56  63  70 
        8  16  24  32  40  48  56  64  72  80 
        9  18  27  36  45  54  63  72  81  90 
       10  20  30  40  50  60  70  80  90 100

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