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      Packages

      Python Tutorial

      This Python tutorial has been written for the beginners to help them understand the basic to advanced concepts of Python Programming Language. After completing this tutorial, you will find yourself at a great level of expertise in Python, from where you can take yourself to the next levels to become a world class Software Engineer.

      Packages

      In Python, module is a Python script with .py extension and contains objects such as classes, functions etc. Packages in Python extend the concept of modular approach further. Package is a folder containing one or more module files; additionally a special file "__init__.py" file which may be empty but may contain the package list.
      Let us create a Python package with the name mypackage. Follow the steps given below
      • Create an outer folder to hold the contents of mypackage. Let its name be packagedemo.
      • Inside it, create another folder mypackage. This will be the Python package we are going to construct.Two Python modules areafunctions.py and mathfunctions.py will be created inside mypackage.
      • Create an empty " __.init__.py" file inside mypackage folder.
      • Inside the outer folder, we shall later on store a Python script example.py to test our package.
      The file/folder structure should be as shown below
      
      Using your favorite code editor, save the following two Python modules in mypackage folder.
      # mathfunctions.py
      def sum(x,y):
         val = x+y
         return val
         
      def average(x,y):
         val = (x+y)/2
         return val
      
      def power(x,y):
         val = x**y
         return val
      Create another Python script
      # areafunctions.py
      def rectangle(w,h):
         area = w*h
         return area
         
      def circle(r):
         import math
         area = math.pi*math.pow(r,2)
         return area
      Let us now test the myexample package with the help of a Python script above this package folder. Refer to the folder structure above.
      #example.py
      from mypackage.areafunctions import rectangle
      print ("Area :", rectangle(10,20))
      
      from mypackage.mathsfunctions import average
      print ("average:", average(10,20))
      This program imports functions from mypackage. If the above script is executed, you should get following output −
      Area : 200
      average: 15.0

      Define Package List

      You can put selected functions or any other resources from the package in the "__init__.py" file. Let us put the following code in it.
      from .areafunctions import circle
      from .mathsfunctions import sum, power
      To import the available functions from this package, save the following script as testpackage.py, above the package folder as before.
      #testpackage.py
      from mypackage import power, circle
      
      print ("Area of circle:", circle(5))
      print ("10 raised to 2:", power(10,2))
      It will produce the following output
      Area of circle: 78.53981633974483
      10 raised to 2: 100

      Package Installation

      Right now, we are able to access the package resources from a script just above the package folder. To be able to use the package anywhere in the file system, you need to install it using the PIP utility.
      First of all, save the following script in the parent folder, at the level of package folder.
      #setup.py
      from setuptools import setup
      setup(name='mypackage',
      version='0.1',
      description='Package setup script',
      url='#',
      author='anonymous',
      author_email='test@gmail.com',
      license='MIT',
      packages=['mypackage'],
      zip_safe=False)
      Run the PIP utility from command prompt, while remaining in the parent folder.
      C:\Users\user\packagedemo>pip3 install .
      Processing c:\users\user\packagedemo
       Preparing metadata (setup.py) ... done
      Installing collected packages: mypackage
       Running setup.py install for mypackage ... done
      Successfully installed mypackage-0.1
      You should now be able to import the contents of the package in any environment.
      C:\Users>python
      Python 3.11.2 (tags/v3.11.2:878ead1, Feb 7 2023, 16:38:35) [MSC v.1934 64 bit (AMD64)] on win32
      Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
      >>> import mypackage
      >>> mypackage.circle(5)
      78.53981633974483

      Practice with Online Editor

      Note: This Python online Editor is a Python interpreter written in Rust, RustPython may not fully support all Python standard libraries and third-party libraries yet.
      Remember to save code(Ctrl + S Or Command + S) before run it.