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      Method Overriding

      Python Tutorial

      This Python tutorial has been written for the beginners to help them understand the basic to advanced concepts of Python Programming Language. After completing this tutorial, you will find yourself at a great level of expertise in Python, from where you can take yourself to the next levels to become a world class Software Engineer.

      Method Overriding

      You can always override your parent class methods. One reason for overriding parent's methods is that you may want special or different functionality in your subclass.

      Example

      class Parent: # define parent class
         def myMethod(self):
            print ('Calling parent method')
      
      class Child(Parent): # define child class
         def myMethod(self):
            print ('Calling child method')
      
      c = Child() # instance of child
      c.myMethod() # child calls overridden method
      When the above code is executed, it produces the following output
      Calling child method
      To understand inheritance in Python, let us take another example. We use following Employee class as parent class
      class Employee:
         def __init__(self,nm, sal):
            self.name=nm
            self.salary=sal
         def getName(self):
            return self.name
         def getSalary(self):
            return self.salary
      Next, we define a SalesOfficer class that uses Employee as parent class. It inherits the instance variables name and salary from the parent. Additionally, the child class has one more instance variable incentive.
      We shall use built-in function super() that returns reference of the parent class and call the parent constructor within the child constructor __init__() method.
      class SalesOfficer(Employee):
         def __init__(self,nm, sal, inc):
            super().__init__(nm,sal)
            self.incnt=inc
         def getSalary(self):
            return self.salary+self.incnt
      The getSalary() method is overridden to add the incentive to salary.

      Example

      Declare the object of parent and child classes and see the effect of overriding. Complete code is below
      class Employee:
         def __init__(self,nm, sal):
            self.name=nm
            self.salary=sal
         def getName(self):
            return self.name
         def getSalary(self):
            return self.salary
      
      class SalesOfficer(Employee):
         def __init__(self,nm, sal, inc):
            super().__init__(nm,sal)
            self.incnt=inc
         def getSalary(self):
            return self.salary+self.incnt
      
      e1=Employee("Rajesh", 9000)
      print ("Total salary for {} is Rs {}".format(e1.getName(),e1.getSalary()))
      s1=SalesOfficer('Kiran', 10000, 1000)
      print ("Total salary for {} is Rs {}".format(s1.getName(),s1.getSalary()))
      When you execute this code, it will produce the following output
      Total salary for Rajesh is Rs 9000
      Total salary for Kiran is Rs 11000

      Base Overridable Methods

      The following table lists some generic functionality of the object class, which is the parent class for all Python classes. You can override these methods in your own class
      Sr.No
      Method, Description & Sample Call
      1
      AI
      Constructor (with any optional arguments)
      Sample Call : obj = className(args)
      2
      AI
      Destructor, deletes an object
      Sample Call : del obj
      3
      AI
      Evaluatable string representation
      Sample Call : repr(obj)
      4
      AI
      Printable string representation
      Sample Call : str(obj)